Geopolitically, Kazakhstan can deepen

Geopolitically, Kazakhstan can deepen its trilateral coordination with Turkey and Azerbaijan through joint corridor development, digital trade integration, and regulatory convergence. Simultaneously, it must increase the institutional firmness driving its role within China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In particular, it must ensure that the latter’s infrastructure presence is matched by oversight, co-financing, and mechanisms to prevent passive absorption. ดูหนัง2025